Structs

Originally created by Idel Martinez and Jerrett Longworth in Fall 2020.

Here is some additional practice using structs. Some of these might take a little bit of thinking, but this practice is here to help you get more comfortable with the material.

But first, some typedef fun.

typedef Practice

  1. What should the blank lines be in line 9 to print out 100.00 - 89.00 = 11.00?
int main(void)
{
  typedef double more_precise_number;
  typedef float less_precise_number;

  more_precise_number x = 100;
  less_precise_number y = 89;

  printf("%___ - %___ = %___\n", x, y, x - y);

  return 0;
}

Onto Structs!

  1. Given the following code, what would be printed in main()? Would it compile at all? Assume all necessary libraries are included.
struct my_structure
{
  int x;
  char text[64];
};

int main(void)
{
  struct my_structure structy_mc_struct_face;

  printf("%d\n", structy_mc_struct_face.x);

  return 0;
}
  1. What about this? (Hint: An ASCII table is available here for your convience.)
struct my_structure
{
  int x;
  char text[64];
};

int main(void)
{
  struct my_structure structy_mc_struct_face;
  structy_mc_struct_face.x = 65;

  printf("%c\n", structy_mc_struct_face.x);

  return 0;
}

  1. My hands are aching from writing code 24/7. I alone kept the 2018 electoral interference at bay. How can I save myself the 6 keystrokes and stop typing struct every time I want to create an instance of the my_structure struct? See the previous question on line 9 for reference.

  2. Good. The world is still going to be safe, but now I have a new (completely unrelated) problem. Suppose I am teaching an introduction to C programming class at a university, but for some reason this university didn’t pick a system to store course material and grades. (Something called “Webcourses” was suggested, but it didn’t seem to catch on.) That said, now I want to create my own system of storing student grades. I have some basic code to get started, but it needs some work. How can I set the names of my 3 students in class to “Alice”, “Bob”, and “Charlie”?

struct gradebook
{
  char student[128];
  int grades[10];
  double avg;
};

typedef struct gradebook gradebook;

int main(void)
{
  int n = 3;
  gradebook cop3223[n];

  // Your code goes here
}
  1. Fill in the blanks to give students names, calculate their grade average, and print it out.
struct gradebook
{
  char student[128];
  int grades[10];
  double avg;
};

typedef struct gradebook gradebook;

void calculate_student_avg(gradebook *class, _____)
{
  double sum;
  for (int i = 0; i < _____; i++)
  {
    sum = _____;
    for (int j = 0; j _____ 10; j++)
    {
      sum += class[i].grades[_____];
    }
    class[i].avg = sum / _____;
  }
}

void print_averages(_____, _____)
{
  for (int i = 0; _____; i++)
  {
    printf("Average for _____ is %lf\n", _____, _____[i].avg);
  }
}

int main(void)
{
  int n = 3;
  gradebook cop3223[n];

  // Filling in student grades with data
  for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
  {
    for (int j = 0; j < 10; j++)
    {
      cop3223[i].grades[j] = (i + 1) * (j + i);
    }
  }

  // Add student names
  _____(cop3223[0].student, "Frances E. Allen");
  _____(__________________, "Barbara Liskov");
  _____________________________________________
  // Find average
  calculate_student_avg(_____, n);

  // Print average
  print_averages(_____, _____);
  
  return 0;
}
  1. I want to create a bank that handles a single person’s money, no one elses. This person’s balance is divided into how many dollars and cents they have. However, when I run this program (1) the person can withdraw more money than it has, (2) they can deposit a negative amount, (3) they lose all of their cents, (4) their balance is sometimes completely weird, and (5) the deposit and withdraw functions don’t work. How can I solve this?
struct balance
{
  int dollars;
  int cents;
  double total;
};

void deposit(struct balance *checking, double amount)
{
  (&checking).dollars += amount;
}

void withdraw(struct balance *checking, double amount)
{
  *checking.dollars -= amount;
}

int main(void)
{
  struct balance my_checking;

  deposit(&my_checking, -100);
  withdraw(&my_checking, 1E6);

  deposit(&my_checking, 145.54);
  withdraw(&my_checking, 0.01);

  return 0;
}